Sensory Science

Understanding Flavors

Flavor is a chemical signature. While profiles map the landscape, this dictionary defines the landmarks. Master the vocabulary of taste.


The Science of Taste

Every flavor tells a story. To truly understand a product, we analyze it through three core sensory dimensions. Together, these elements define the character and the 'finish' of everything we consume.

Aroma (The Nose)

Responsible for 80% of flavor. Chemical compounds detected by the olfactory system.

Taste (The Palate)

The five basic sensations on the tongue: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, and Umami.

Texture (The Feel)

Mouthfeel and weight—is it oily, drying, creamy, or effervescent?

Flavor Definitions

"Covers all fruit spectrums: orchard, citrus, berry, tropical, and dried fruits. Indicates fermentation esters or sherry cask influence."

General & Orchard Citrus Berry Tropical

"Sugary, dessert-like notes derived from the wood (oak lactones) or the charring process (caramelization)."

Sugars & Syrups Dairy & Custard Candy & Sweets

"A mix of warm baking spices (wood interaction) and fresh or dried herbal notes (distillate character)."

Baking Spices Hot & Savory Spices Herbal

"Light, fragrant notes ranging from fresh meadow flowers to heavy perfume."

General Floral Specific Flowers

"The base character of the spirit (malted barley, corn) combined with nutty oxidation notes."

Cereal & Grain Nutty

"Green, grassy notes from fermentation or earthy notes derived from peat or aging environment."

Vegetal & Green Earthy

"Direct flavors from the cask (oak, cedar) and the charring level (coffee, toast)."

Woody Roasted

"Phenolic compounds arising from drying malt over peat fire. Ranges from woody smoke to medicinal/maritime."

Smoke & Ash Medicinal & Maritime

"Flavors derived from the previous contents of the cask (Sherry, Port, Wine) or oxidation over time."

Wine Styles Oxidized & Sour

"Heavier, oily, or pungent notes often from the tail of the distillation (feints). Can be pleasant (leather) or off-putting."

Meaty & Savory Leather & Barnyard Dairy & Oily

"Off-notes or industrial characteristics, often defects but sometimes desirable in trace amounts (e.g., old bottle effect)."

Synthetic Solvent & Paint Soapy & Clean Metal & Industrial
Flavor Frameworks
The Guide
How It Works
Sensory Science
Drinks Data